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41.
A. T. Piñeiro-Vázquez G. Jiménez-Ferrer J. A. Alayon-Gamboa A. J. Chay-Canul A. J. Ayala-Burgos C. F. Aguilar-Pérez J. C. Ku-Vera 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(1):29-36
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of quebracho tannins extract (QTE) on feed intake, dry matter (DM) digestibility, and methane (CH4) emissions in cattle fed low-quality Pennisetum purpureum grass. Five heifers (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) with an average live weight (LW) of 295 ± 19 kg were allotted to five treatments (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% QTE/kg DM) in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Intake, digestibility, and total methane emissions (L/day) were recorded for periods of 23 h when cattle were housed in open-circuit respiration chambers. Dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter intake (OMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were different between treatments with 0 and 4% of QTE/kg DM (P < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acid and the molar proportion of acetate in the rumen was not affected (P < 0.05); however, the molar proportion of propionate increased linearly (P < 0.01) for treatments with 3 and 4% QTE. Total CH4 production decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as QTE increased in the diet, particularly with 3 and 4% concentration. When expressed as DMI and OMI by CH4, production (L/kg) was different between treatments with 0 vs 3 and 4% QTE (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the addition of QTE at 2 or 3% of dry matter ration can decrease methane production up to 29 and 41%, respectively, without significantly compromising feed intake and nutrients digestibility. 相似文献
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Juan Daniel Jiménez-Rosales Ricardo Daniel Améndola-Massiotti Juan Andrés Burgueño-Ferreira Rodolfo Ramírez-Valverde Pedro Topete-Pelayo Maximino Huerta-Bravo 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(3):531-536
This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that mixed sequential grazing of dairy cows and breeding ewes is beneficial. During the seasons of spring–summer 2013 and autumn–winter 2013–2014, 12 (spring–summer) and 16 (autumn–winter) Holstein Friesian cows and 24 gestating (spring–summer) and lactating (autumn–winter) Pelibuey ewes grazed on six (spring–summer) and nine (autumn–winter) paddocks of alfalfa and orchard grass mixed pastures. The treatments “single species cow grazing” (CowG) and “mixed sequential grazing with ewes as followers of cows” (MixG) were evaluated, under a completely randomized design with two replicates per paddock. Herbage mass on offer (HO) and residual herbage mass (RH) were estimated by cutting samples. The estimate of herbage intake (HI) of cows was based on the use of internal and external markers; the apparent HI of ewes was calculated as the difference between HO (RH of cows) and RH. Even though HO was higher in CowG, the HI of cows was higher in MixG during spring–summer and similar in both treatments during autumn–winter, implying that in MixG the effects on the cows HI of higher alfalfa proportion and herbage accumulation rate evolving from lower residual herbage mass in the previous cycle counteracted that of a higher HO in CowG. The HI of ewes was sufficient to enable satisfactory performance as breeding ewes. Thus, the benefits of mixed sequential grazing arose from higher herbage accumulation, positive changes in botanical composition, and the achievement of sheep production without negative effects on the herbage intake of cows. 相似文献
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The effects of late gestation nutrient restriction of dams on beef heifer intake,metabolites and hormones during an ad libitum feeding trial 下载免费PDF全文
J. E. Tipton R. E. Ricks C. T. LeMaster N. M. Long 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(2):e877-e884
This study's objective was to determine if nutrient restriction during late gestation affected beef heifer feed intake, body weight (BW) gain and endocrine regulation during a 10‐week feeding trial. During the last 100 days of gestation, control (CON) dams were fed to increase body condition score (BCS). Whereas, nutrient‐restricted dams (NR) and NR dams protein supplemented 3 days/week (NRS) were fed to decrease BCS by 1.2. After parturition, all cow‐calf pairs were moved to a common pasture and fed in excess of requirements until weaning. At 15 months of age, heifers were randomly sorted into two pens and adjusted to a commercial total mixed ration over a 2‐week period. Blood samples and BW were taken at the initiation of feeding and on a biweekly basis for the duration of the feeding trial. Feed intake was monitored for 10 weeks using a GrowSafe System. After 10 weeks, an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed on 21 randomly subsampled heifers. During the feeding trial, NR heifers consumed more feed than CON and NRS heifers. Heifers from NR dams tended to increase BW compared to NRS and CON heifers when adjusted for initial BW. Heifers from NR and NRS dams had a greater increase in BCS compared to heifers from CON dams. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations during the feeding trial increased in NR heifers compared to the other groups beginning at 2 and 4 weeks respectively. Plasma leptin concentrations were increased in the NR and NRS heifers compared to the CON heifers beginning at week 4 of feeding. During the IVGTT at the conclusion of the feeding challenge, plasma glucose and insulin were increased in NR heifers compared to other treatment groups. These results show that nutrient restriction during late gestation alters appetite and endocrine regulation in heifer offspring. 相似文献
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基于级联卷积神经网络的番茄花期识别检测方法 总被引:9,自引:8,他引:1
对作物花期状态的准确识别是温室作物执行授粉的前提。为提高花期状态识别的准确度,该研究以温室番茄为例提出了一种基于级联卷积神经网络的番茄花朵花期识别方法。首先采用改进的端到端的特征金字塔网络FS-FPN实现番茄花束的分割,然后采用Prim最小生成树对分割后的花束图片进行花期识别优先级排序,最后将已排序的分割花束图片输入改进的Yolov3网络,实现番茄花朵花期状态的精准识别。在由1600幅包含花蕾期、全开期、谢花期、初果期4类花期状态的番茄花束图像构成的数据集上,所提方法对番茄花朵花期平均检测时间为12.54 ms,平均检测精度分别比Mask R-CNN和SPP-Net提高了3.67%和2.39%,识别错误率比改进前的Yolov3网络降低了1.25%。最终将该方法部署到番茄授粉机器人上,并在大型玻璃温室内进行验证,结果表明,所提方法对番茄花朵各花期的检测精度分别为花蕾期85.71%、全开期95.46%、谢花期62.66%、初果期88.34%,该研究结果可为智能授粉机器人的精准作业提供重要依据。 相似文献
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【目的】建立科学的烟草农业机械化水平评价方法,有利于进行烟草行业农机化宏观调控和微观指导,提升烟草生产机械化水平。【方法】针对烟草农业机械化水平缺乏科学评价方法的实际问题,文章通过对国内主要烟草产区机械化生产的实际调研,提取可以表征烟草农业机械化水平的各项指标。改进的层次分析法具有判断矩阵的最大特征值最小和一致性指标最小的特点,因此通过该方法确定的指标权重精度较高。该文通过改进的层次分析法确立了表征烟草机械化生产水平的各项指标的权重,并结合产区特点确定了标准值,构建了烟草农业机械化水平评价体系。【结果】通过对云南曲靖等10个烟草产区调研资料进行评价,各区烟草农业机械化水平最大值为85.79%,最小值为36.09%,其中山东诸城产区机械化水平最高。【结论】通过真实调研数据验证,该文所建立的烟草农业机械化水平评价方法有效地反映了各产区的基本情况,证明了评价体系的科学性。 相似文献
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为了适应在野外环境对植物叶面的曲线长度和轮廓面积等数据的快速采集和查询,设计了一种基于GPS定位功能的嵌入式植物叶面长度面积求算仪。此系统采用GPS卫星定位技术,由SiRFstar III型GPS接收器接收定位信号,采用触摸屏输入技术,由ARM微控制芯片LPC2114完成植物页面长度和面积的采集与计算,实时存储地理位置信息,并对相关数据进行分析,由液晶显示屏AT070TN83显示输出。此系统采用嵌入式控制技术,可移植性高,操作界面简单、体积小、在记录标本长度面积的同时记录了此标本的地理位置,为科研工作者提供了可靠的数据信息与结果分析。实验结果表明本设计方案具有速度快、精度高、成本低等优点。 相似文献